TCP/IP Basic Routing Guide
Layer 2 Network Interface
SLIP - Serial Line Interface Protocol
Provides basic TCP/IP functionality by creating a layer-two connection between two devices over a serial line.
PPP - Point to Point Protocol
Provides layer-two connectivity like SLIP, but is much more sophisticated and capable. PPP is itself a suite of protocols (“sub-protocols” if you will) that allow for functions such as authentication, data encapsulation, encryption and aggregation, facilitating TCP/IP operation over WAN links.
Layer 2 / 3
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
Used to map layer three IP addresses to layer two physical network addresses.
RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Determines the layer three address of a machine from its layer two address. Now mostly superseded by BOOTP and DHCP.
Layer 3 Internet
IP(v6) - Internet Protocol (version 6)
Provides encapsulation and connectionless delivery of transport layer messages over a TCP/IP network. Also responsible for addressing and routing functions.
IPNAT - Network Address Translation
Allows addresses on a private network to be automatically translated to different addresses on a public network, providing address sharing and security benefits. (Note that some people don’t consider IP NAT to be a protocol in the strict sense of that word.)
IPsec - Internet Protocol Security
A set of IP-related protocols that improve the security of IP transmissions.
Mobile IP or IPMS - Internet Protocol Mobility Support
Resolves certain problems with IP associated with mobile devices.
ICMP(v4,v6) - Internet Control Message Protocol
A “support protocol” for IP and IPv6 that provides error-reporting and information request-and-reply capabilities to hosts.
ND(P) - Neighbor Discovery Protocol
A new “support protocol” for IPv6 that includes several functions performed by ARP and ICMP in conventional IP.
There are more protocols that are being used to support the routing of IP datagrams and the exchange of routing information, like: RIP, OSPF, GGP, HELLO, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP, EGP.
Layer 4 Host-to-Host Transport
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
The main transport layer protocol for TCP/IP. Establishes and manages connections between devices and ensures reliable and flow-controlled delivery of data using IP
UDP - User Datagram Protocol
A transport protocol that can be considered a “severely stripped-down” version of TCP. It is used to send data in a simple way between application processes, without the many reliability and flow management features of TCP, but often with greater efficiency..
Layer 5,6,7 Application Layer
DNS - Domain Name System
Provides the ability to refer to IP devices using names instead of just numerical IP addresses. Allows machines to resolve these names into their corresponding IP addresses.
NFS - Network File System
Allows files to be shared seamlessly across TCP/IP networks.
BOOTP - Bootstrap Protocol
Developed to address some of the issues with RARP and used in a similar manner: to allow the configuration of a TCP/IP device at startup. Generally superseded by DHCP.
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
A complete protocol for configuring TCP/IP devices and managing IP addresses. The successor to RARP and BOOTP, it includes numerous features and capabilities.
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
A full-featured protocol for remote management of networks and devices.
RMON - Remote Monitor
A diagnostic “protocol” (really a part of SNMP) used for remote monitoring of network devices.
TFTP/FTP - (Trivial) File Transfer Protocol
Protocols designed to permit the transfer of all types of files from one device to another.
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
Enables the operation of the Usenet online community by transferring Usenet news messages between hosts.
HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
Transfers hypertext documents between hosts; implements the World Wide Web.
Gopher - Gopher Protocol
An older document retrieval protocol, now largely replaced by the World Wide Web.
Telnet - Telnet Protocol
Allows a user on one machine to establish a remote terminal session on another.
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
Allows real-time chat between TCP/IP users.
RFC 822, MIME, SMTP, POP, IMAP - RFC 822, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Post Office Protocol, Internet Message Access Protocol
Protocols that define the formatting, delivery and storage of electronic mail messages on TCP/IP networks.
hope to find it useful... :)
Layer 2 Network Interface
SLIP - Serial Line Interface Protocol
Provides basic TCP/IP functionality by creating a layer-two connection between two devices over a serial line.
PPP - Point to Point Protocol
Provides layer-two connectivity like SLIP, but is much more sophisticated and capable. PPP is itself a suite of protocols (“sub-protocols” if you will) that allow for functions such as authentication, data encapsulation, encryption and aggregation, facilitating TCP/IP operation over WAN links.
Layer 2 / 3
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
Used to map layer three IP addresses to layer two physical network addresses.
RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Determines the layer three address of a machine from its layer two address. Now mostly superseded by BOOTP and DHCP.
Layer 3 Internet
IP(v6) - Internet Protocol (version 6)
Provides encapsulation and connectionless delivery of transport layer messages over a TCP/IP network. Also responsible for addressing and routing functions.
IPNAT - Network Address Translation
Allows addresses on a private network to be automatically translated to different addresses on a public network, providing address sharing and security benefits. (Note that some people don’t consider IP NAT to be a protocol in the strict sense of that word.)
IPsec - Internet Protocol Security
A set of IP-related protocols that improve the security of IP transmissions.
Mobile IP or IPMS - Internet Protocol Mobility Support
Resolves certain problems with IP associated with mobile devices.
ICMP(v4,v6) - Internet Control Message Protocol
A “support protocol” for IP and IPv6 that provides error-reporting and information request-and-reply capabilities to hosts.
ND(P) - Neighbor Discovery Protocol
A new “support protocol” for IPv6 that includes several functions performed by ARP and ICMP in conventional IP.
There are more protocols that are being used to support the routing of IP datagrams and the exchange of routing information, like: RIP, OSPF, GGP, HELLO, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP, EGP.
Layer 4 Host-to-Host Transport
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
The main transport layer protocol for TCP/IP. Establishes and manages connections between devices and ensures reliable and flow-controlled delivery of data using IP
UDP - User Datagram Protocol
A transport protocol that can be considered a “severely stripped-down” version of TCP. It is used to send data in a simple way between application processes, without the many reliability and flow management features of TCP, but often with greater efficiency..
Layer 5,6,7 Application Layer
DNS - Domain Name System
Provides the ability to refer to IP devices using names instead of just numerical IP addresses. Allows machines to resolve these names into their corresponding IP addresses.
NFS - Network File System
Allows files to be shared seamlessly across TCP/IP networks.
BOOTP - Bootstrap Protocol
Developed to address some of the issues with RARP and used in a similar manner: to allow the configuration of a TCP/IP device at startup. Generally superseded by DHCP.
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
A complete protocol for configuring TCP/IP devices and managing IP addresses. The successor to RARP and BOOTP, it includes numerous features and capabilities.
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
A full-featured protocol for remote management of networks and devices.
RMON - Remote Monitor
A diagnostic “protocol” (really a part of SNMP) used for remote monitoring of network devices.
TFTP/FTP - (Trivial) File Transfer Protocol
Protocols designed to permit the transfer of all types of files from one device to another.
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
Enables the operation of the Usenet online community by transferring Usenet news messages between hosts.
HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
Transfers hypertext documents between hosts; implements the World Wide Web.
Gopher - Gopher Protocol
An older document retrieval protocol, now largely replaced by the World Wide Web.
Telnet - Telnet Protocol
Allows a user on one machine to establish a remote terminal session on another.
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
Allows real-time chat between TCP/IP users.
RFC 822, MIME, SMTP, POP, IMAP - RFC 822, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Post Office Protocol, Internet Message Access Protocol
Protocols that define the formatting, delivery and storage of electronic mail messages on TCP/IP networks.
hope to find it useful... :)
